Rev 3:14 The name “Laodicea” is composed of two Greek words meaning “people” and “govern” or “judge”. The name Laodicea can therefore be translated into English as “people’s rule”. Laodicea, today’s Pamukkale in western Turkey, was a very rich city on the road to Colosse. The city was destroyed in an earthquake in 60 AD, about 35 years before the …
Rev 3:7-13 – To the Church in Philadelphia
Rev 3:7 Filadelfia is a small town in present-day western Turkey, now called “Alaşehir”. The city’s name “Philadelfia” is Greek and means “brotherly love”. The name comes from the fact that King Eumenes II of Pergamon founded the city in 189 BC and called it “Philadelphia” because of his love for his brother Attalus II, who was called “Philadelphus” and …
Rev 3:1-6 – To the Church in Sardis
Rev 3:1 The Greek word “angelos” means “messenger” or “emissary” and normally refers to an angel, but it can also refer to a local church pastor, as he is a “messenger” who preaches the word of God to the congregation. Most likely, in my opinion, it is the pastor of the congregation who is being referred to. He is the …
Rev 2:18-29 – To the Church in Thyatira
Rev 2:18 Thyatira was the smallest of the cities in Revelation, but received the longest greeting from Jesus. Thyatira was a relatively small but prosperous trading town in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Thyatira had a great deal of trading of various kinds, including purple tea, which Lydia of Thyatira, the first person to be saved in Europe, traded (Acts 16:14). …
Rev 2:12-17 – To the Church in Pergamum
Rev 2:12 Pergamum was one of the most important cities in Asia Minor, today’s western Turkey, and was also the official centre of the Roman Empire. Pergamum was also famous for its large library, which contained 200,000 books, and for inventing parchment when the Egyptians stopped exporting papyrus. “Pergamum” means “fortress” and the city was a very strong “stronghold” for …
Rev 2:8-11 – To the Church in Smyrna
Rev 2:8 Smyrna was a large and rich trading city just north of Ephesus. Smyrna means “myrrh”, a sweet perfume that was used to anoint the dead, but was also an ingredient in Israel’s holy anointing oil (Exodus 30:22-25), which was used to anoint and sanctify priests, among other things. When David was anointed king by the prophet Samuel, it …
Rev 2:1-7 – To the Church in Ephesus
Rev 2:1 Ephesus, also known as the “Light of Asia”, is today a ruined city in Turkey, but in New Testament times it was the fourth largest city in the world, located on the west coast of Asia Minor. Ephesus attracted many people, partly because its geographical location made it a hub of trade, but also because many religious pilgrims …
Rev 1:9-20 – Vision of the Son of Man
Rev 1:9 Patmos was a prison island just outside the city of Ephesus in present-day western Turkey. Many of the prisoners placed there were political prisoners who were forced to work in the island’s quarries. John states that he was on the island of Patmos for “the word of God and the testimony of Jesus”. Either John had been imprisoned …
Rev 1:4-8 – Greeting to the Seven Churches
Rev 1:4 Revelation was addressed primarily to seven churches in Asia Minor (modern-day western Turkey), all of which were located so that they could make a tour and carry the message. The “grace and peace” that God gives comes from the Father, the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ, i.e. all three persons of the Trinity. “He who is and who …
Rev 1:1-3 – Prologue
Rev 1:1 The word “revelation” is “apŏkalupsis” in Greek and can be translated as “revelation”, “manifestation” or “revelation”. From the Greek word “apŏkalupsis” we get the word “apocalyptic”, which is a literary genre that aims to reveal and reveal future prophetic events, especially in the last days. Examples of apocalyptic texts in the Bible are: the book of Daniel chapters …